Introduction to Microwave Vacuum Tubes & Comparison of O-Tube and M-Tube

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Conventional Vacuum Tubes:

  • Triodes
  • Tetrodes
  • Pentodes, etc., 

Limitations of Conventional Vacuum Tubes:

  • Conventional vacuum tubes are used only at low frequency range 
  • It cannot  be used at high frequency range due to the below mentioned limitations
    • Lead Inductance and Interelectrode capacitance effects
    • Transit-angle effects
    • Gian-Bandwidth Limitations
Microwave Vacuum tubes:
  • These are widely used at high frequency range.
  • Microwave tubes operate on the principle of "velocity modulation"
    • The velocity of an electron can be increased or decreased by varying the electrostatic field.
Types of Microwave Vacuum Tubes:
  • Linear Beam Tubes ( O-Type)
    • Resonant Cavity Type
      • Ex: Reflex Klystron
      • Ex: Two Cavity Klystron Amplifier
    • Non-Resonant Type (Slow-wave structure)
      • Ex: Travelling wave tube amplifier (TWTA)
  • Crossed Field Tubes (M-Type)
    • Resonant Type
      • Ex: Magnetron
    • Non-Resonant Tubes:
      • Ex: Forward wave Dematron
      • Ex: Backward wave Amplitron
    • Maser Effects:
      • Ex: Gyrotrons

Youtube video for this lecture is available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jB1JKo_UtmA

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